Disclaimer: I am a second year racer. Second year with structured training. I am 40 years old and an ex-mid level squash player who turned to cycling after knee arthroscopy. I have an Elite/Semi-Pro level coach. I am learning a TON. Your results may vary OK, lots going on here and all good discussion, debate and experience. But I think we are mixing up a few things and causing a bit of a diversion in the response. So, to try and focus the conversation back to the original poster's question: He wants to do the best that he can with the current constraints of time. Obviously he is not a pro and has other commitments (family, work, other). He's read something that says you don't need to do the traditional stuff to compete reasonably at his level and he's interested in if this is true or not. Please don't bring the "you need base miles" etc argument in here because it DOES NOT APPLY in this situation. Sure, it is tried and tested that if you lay down the base, build up periodization, engage in specificity and fine tune, taper etc. then you can peak once or twice during a year. Great. That takes 12+ hours a week and not what we're trying to accomplish here.It is and antithesis of what he's asking about. That's another topic all together. So moving along: You can get great (relative to your goal) results on HIGHLY FOCUSED, HIGH INTENSITY, LOW VOLUME, training. How? Intervals my friend. From 15-30s highly neuromuscular micro and macro bursts to 3-5 min VO2max to 20 min threshold intervals. ALL of these workouts can be done in 1-1.5 hours and ALL will give you good adaptation. In fact, the 2x20 threshold intervals are well known to maximize workout efficiency (time) vs. the mental challenge of longer intervals (we're not all out there doing 60 min threshold, that is hard, nuts and not the answer we are looking for). Efficiency and Quality Squeeze as much juice out of the lemon as you can. Look at what % of time you are spending screwing around slowing for traffic, lights, stop signs etc while out on your 3 hour base ride. Have a plan for your hour. Jump on your trainer, pop in a DVD and GET IT DONE. Do not MESS around. You have one hour. You need 21 mins of VO2max. Can you do it? Sure you can. When you have a power meter you can set your average power to be shown on hte screen. Need 320W average for your 3 min efforts? Hit the lap button, nail the interval and rest. Then repeat 6 times. Simple. A friend of mine is an ex-US Olympic Speed Skater. I asked her why she doesn't coach. "Simple" she said, "I have ZERO empathy for slackers. This is very straight forward: do your workouts 100% and you'll be a champion". How many of us slack off? I bet there are very few of us who have the discipline for this. So set a definite target for your week adn plan it down to the minute. 2 Vo2max sessions, 2 2x20 threshold sessions, one over-under and a nice long group ride on the weekend with your mates while the missus and kids are sleeping. Perfect (6-8 hours right there). If you do this consistently, the results will come. But this is another area we slack off in. So I set a time every morning and I climb on the trainer. Some days are better than others. How? It's cool in SA that you can be outside more. Terrific. But I like the indoor trainer. I find I get more "Efficiency and Quality" indoors. It's just the way it is. End of story. If you're a pro, you can hang out and drink cappuccinos before you head to the hills with your training partners for 5-7 hours. We can't. We have responsibilities. Shock your body with some High Intensity Interval training (HIT). Get HIT! So, to this point: FORGET the gym. End of story. If you're at the gym instead of on your bike and your main goal is the bike AND reduced hours, then you are completely misaligned. There is more CYCLING-related benefit to be gained from you spending your gym hour on the bike than in the gym. Cycling is NOT A STRENGTH LIMITED SPORT. If you can walk up a flight of stairs then you have more than enough strength to ride a bike. You are trying to maximize your muscular, neurological, nervous and cardio systems here to increase efficiency. Fire those muscle groups more efficiently - generate more power (force x speed). Saddle time does this. Not gym time. When I'm in a full out sprint I am developing over 1,000W with a pedal speed of 1.6 m/s-1 and 670N pedal force (equavalent to 68kg with gravity = 9.81). I happen to weigh, you guessed it, 68kg! I met Chris Horner recently (top ten in the Tour de France) the guy has skinny legs. Perhaps he is in the gym as a pro but you wouldn't say the guy has super strong legs. However, he can fire those guys like no body's business. Excellent! I do this all the time. I travel a LOT and I don't always take my bike. I go to spin classes but politely decline to do the class. I do my own thing. 2x20 threshold and 7x3 VO2max are excellent to do in spin classes if you have HR because it's easy to tell if you are hitting the right power output via your HR alone. I know my 20 min threshold HR. So just settle in and hit that for 20 mins. Relax for 7-10 and then hit it again. Done! Can it be done? This is a terrific case study and there are many more: But, some of us are naturally gifted (not me) and some have to work a bit longer. I'm adding a bit more volume to my training (about 9 hrs a week) and we shall see how I do at the Argus. I am about 13% stronger over any interval from 5-60 minutes. Should be interesting. This is my current overall stress picture. You can see last year vs. this year and how I've increased the volume. But this is only because I wanted to get more threshold hours in and being on the road away from family I have more control over it. I live in Chicago. Ex-South African and I am currently working in India and Tokyo. So I travel with a Ritchey Breakaway steel roadbike, PowerTap and a Fluid Trainer. It's hard work but I am putting in 30-33 hours a month in my hotel room. I've also attached my Jan and Feb volumes at different zones (AR = Active Recovery, E = Endurance, TE = Tempo, TH = Threshold, VM = VO2max and AC = Anerobic Capacity) I think this is pretty efficient. I've only done two outdoor rides since Jan. One was 6.5 hrs long and was with a new group who were going pretty slow so there are a lot of "bad" hours in there. But otherwise I think this has been decent.