Kevin Evans accepts doping charge

[BarHugger]

 

 

Advisory:

• Supplemental oxygen (e.g. breathing an oxygen rich air mixture temporarily, such as on the side-lines) is not prohibited.
• Use of hyperbaric or hypobaric tents is permitted. Similarly, training or sleeping/living at high altitudes is permitted.

 

Which is exactly how Armstrong dodged the testers and labs....increased epo levels..."well of course folks, I trained at altitude"...it can of course be debated...and on semantics that it's also a process of manipulating the blood

[NelAndre]

You applying the wrong formula.

 

2a+2a=4a where a is a variable

Other applicable formulae would be

 

2a+2b =2(a+b)

 

2a x 2b=4ab

 

Where a is not = to b

a is a variable

b is a variable

Love it!

[V12man]

 

From USADA website...........

 

• Intravenous laser therapy, such as ozone and/or ultraviolet light therapies which includes the removal, treatment, and manipulation of blood or blood components are prohibited.

 

So - does not look like they allow a TUE for that - case closed - the question is - in the event this is medically neccesary - how long an interval must exist before they can return to competition?

[jcza]

Here is the link to Dr. Chris Martens the ozone therapy doc http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/belgian-court-continuing-investigation-of-ozone-therapy-doctor/

[Tumbleweed]

I have never seen a release from SAIDS that had enough detail in it to know exactly what the issue is - and biological passport related anomalies could land up very complex - especially when combined with known medical treatments that will affect it like transfusions and treatments for sepsis.

 

One would have to build a detailed timeline of medical treatments, medical tests, drugs administered, surgeries, races, and when the drug testing was done (and the anomalies) to see if there is validity in KE's claims (and there may well be (or not))

 

Evans is informed of irregularities and invited to explain them. He turns down the chance.

 

Hypothetically, I wonder how it would work if he had given an explanation?

 

If the explanation is accepted, no charges, right?

 

If not, then what? Can an athlete be sanctioned for an inadequate explanation on its own, or would targeted testing of samples already taken then be carried out to determine guilt or innocence of doping?

 

Or was SAIDS asking a question it already knew the answer to considering it turned down his TUE?    

[BarHugger]

So - does not look like they allow a TUE for that - case closed - the question is - in the event this is medically neccesary - how long an interval must exist before they can return to competition?

But now the real question....would a ruptured appendix require the level of ozone treatment which the UCI will not give a TUE for....or was it just oxygen in Evan's case ?

[BarHugger]

Which method of treatment did Kevvie undergo....Carpet I think you asked about the different methods...your current procedure would fall under "intramuscular" would be my layman's guess....

 

 

 

Systemic Applications

Direct Intra-arterial and Intravenous Application

An oxygen/ozone mixture is slowly injected into an artery or vein with a hypodermic syringe. This method has been used primarily for arterial circulatory disorders. However, this method has been abandoned by most physicians in favor of safer modalities. 

Rectal Insufflation

First pioneered by Payr and Aubourg in the 1930's, a mixture of ozone and oxygen is introduced through the rectum. In the past, it was believed that the ozone was absorbed into the body through the intestine. In fact, ozone reacts with the luminal content immediately and only some of the generated chemicals produced during the reaction are absorbed: this has been scientifically measured both in the portal and general circulation by Bocci and his colleagues. (2) Used for a wide variety of health problems—including arterial circulatory disorders, general immunoactivation, adjuvant cancer therapy, and to treat hepatitis A, B and C (3) -- this method is considered one of the safest. Typically, between 100-800 ml of oxygen and ozone (for an average adult of normal body weight) is insufflated into the rectum, a process that takes between ninety seconds and two minutes. 

Rectal insufflation is considered a safe and simple method of ozone delivery that is particularly suited to the elderly (whose access to veins is often difficult), to babies and young children, and to others who don’t like getting stuck with hypodermic syringes. When administered under medical supervision in Germany, Russia and Cuba, a growing number of private individuals in the United States have used this method for self-treatment for cancer, HIV-related problems, heart and circulatory disorders, diabetes and other degenerative diseases. It has also been found useful in treating localized health problems like proctitis and colitis. Whenever insufflation is used, the ozone / oxygen mixture be humidified in order to prevent sensitive tissues from drying out. 

Vaginal Insufflation / Urethral Insufflation

Vaginal insufflation is based on the wrong philosophy that ozone can be absorbed into the body through the vaginal wall, uterus and fallopian tubes: in reality, oxygen and certain chemicals produced by the post-ozone reaction are absorbed. Considered safe and effective, physicians have found that it can not only be useful for the same kinds of systemic diseases ordinarily treated by rectal insufflation, but the vaginal route can be used specifically to treat gynecological problems like yeast infections (such as candida) and uterine infections. This method is not recommended during pregnancy.
Urethral insufflation is recommended primarily for treating bladder infections among men, but may be useful in localized problems like urethritis as well. 

Ear Insufflation

Applying a mixture of oxygen and ozone through the ear is a recent but popular development in ozone therapy. This method is based on the idea that ozone is absorbed by the body through the tiny capillaries of the ear canal. Once again, this idea is wrong, and only some chemical compounds produced by a post-ozone reaction are absorbed into the ear canal.

Used only in a well-ventilated room (and preferably with a fan placed behind the patient to prevent inhalation of ozone), the generator is connected to a tube with a plastic catheter. The generator is turned on and the catheter is placed gently into the ear. Some use a modified stethoscope to split the ozone flow so that both ears are treated at the same time. The gas is run at a slow flow rate through a glass humidifier and then it interacts with the surface tissues of the eardrum. The chemical compounds produced by these interactions enter the middle ear, the inner ear, and down the Eustachian tube into the sinuses, brain and bloodstream. A typical treatment takes one to two minutes. 

Typically, sick patients undergo three treatments a week, while others use it once or twice weekly for health maintenance. Although this method has not yet been clinically studied, doctors report that ear insufflation is helpful in treating ear infections, mastoiditis, tinnitis, sinusitis, head colds, hearing problems caused by candida and more generalized disease symptoms like Parkinson’s disease, influenza, bronchitis and asthma. However, some physicians question whether a prolonged and repeated course of treatment is safe considering the delicacy and low levels of antioxidants in these auricular structures.

Intramuscular Injection

A small amount of an ozone and oxygen mixture (up to 10 ml) are injected into the patient (usually in the buttocks) like a normal injection would be. This method is commonly used to treat allergies and inflammatory diseases, and is sometimes utilized as an adjunct to traditional cancer therapies in Europe. However, it has been reported that ozone concentrations over 20 μg/ml in volumes exceeding 10 ml can be vary painful and may produce feelings of faintness in some patients. 

Minor Autohemotherapy

Used since the 1960's, minor autohemotherapy involves removing a small amount (usually 10 ml) of the patient's blood from a vein with a hypodermic syringe. The blood is then treated with ozone and oxygen, and given back to the patient via intramuscular injection. Thus the blood and ozone becomes a type of auto-vaccine given to the patient that is derived from his or her own cells and can be very specific and effective in treating the patient's health problem. This method is primarily used to teat acne, allergies, furunculosis and as an adjunct to traditional cancer therapy. (4)

Major Autohemotherapy (MAHT)

Major autohemotherapy is perhaps the most popular form of generalized ozone therapy. A type of extracorporeal blood treatment (in which blood is taken from the body, treated and reinfused) it has been analyzed and evaluated under a wide variety of clinical conditions. 

Major autohemotherapy typically calls for the removal of up to 250 ml of the patient's blood. Ozone and oxygen are added carefully (to avoid bubbling) into the blood for several minutes, and then the ozonated blood is reintroduced into the vein in the form of an IV drip. Bubbling causes foaming that damages blood cells and must be avoided. 
Like rectal insufflation described above, MAHT has been found to activate red blood cell metabolism, increase ATP production and oxygen release, activate the immune system with the release of cytokins (such as interferon and interleukins), aid in immune system modulation, and increase the body’s antioxidant capacity.(5) For these reasons, it has been used successfully to treat a wide variety of health problems, including herpes, arthritis, cancer, circulatory disorders and HIV-infection. It is probably the most commonly used type of ozone therapy today.

Body Ozone Exposure (BOEX): The Sauna Bag

Ozone pumped into a "sauna bag" (which leaves the head uncovered) is now being used to treat more generalized health problems, such as HIV-infection, circulatory problems and diabetes. Typically the patient would take a warm shower and get into the bag. Pure oxygen mixed with small amounts of ozone are then pumped into the bag for a period of twenty to thirty minutes, making contact with all skin surfaces. The skin interacts with the ozone, and only the oxygen and ozone reactive products are absorbed. 

Body Ozone Exposure: The Steam Cabinet Method

Another BOEX delivery system calls for the patient to sit in a steam cabinet. In addition to steam, a mixture of oxygen and ozone is pumped into the cabinet through a tube from an ozone generator. Wet towels are placed around the patient's neck and a ventilating fan is placed behind the head so that ozone is not breathed into the lungs. 

A session will normally last from ten to twenty minutes, or until the patient feels uncomfortable from the heat. Like the sauna bag technique described above, the theory behind this method is that the ozone will react with the surface of the skin, and the oxygen and ozone reactive products will be absorbed and eventually find their way into the bloodstream. 

BOEX with a steam cabinet can easily be done at home with a minimum of technical skill, and many enjoy it as a spa treatment or in health maintenance programs. A growing number of physicians and patients have expressed enthusiasm for the steam cabinet method for treating a wide variety of health complaints, although more scientific research needs to be done. In addition, standardized protocols need to be developed for this relatively new form of ozone application. 

While the method itself is considered very safe, ozone must not be inhaled, even in small amounts. For this reason, the steam cabinet must be sealed to prevent ozone leakage and the room in which treatment takes place must be adequately ventilated.

One of the few researchers to document the effects of BOEX is Velio Bocci in his book Oxygen-Ozone Therapy: A Critical Evaluation. While acknowledging the problems mentioned above, Dr. Bocci cites several advantages of BOEX over other methods like MAHT: it is simple to perform, fairly inexpensive, non-invasive (no puncturing of veins) and it does not involve the handling of blood. He points out that BOEX can be potentially useful in treating a variety of health problems, such as viral diseases (including HIV and herpes), chronic fatigue syndrome and certain circulatory diseases at low temperature levels (such as hind limb ischemia due to atherosclerosis, Buerger disease and diabetes), moderate burns, skin diseases, sclerodermia, certain types of muscular-tendinous lesions in athletes and advanced lipodystrophies, such as Madelung disease. 

As with other ozone therapies, Dr. Bocci recommends the “start low, go slow” protocols, with low initial concentrations of ozone to help the body adapt to chronic oxidative stress. He recommends a course of therapy every other day for several weeks at temperatures from 70 to 90 degrees C. for periods of ten to twenty-five minutes each treatment. (6)

Direct Intravenous Injection

This controversial method involves injecting a mixture of oxygen and ozone directly into a vein. This method has long been promoted by Ed McCabe in his publications and lectures, and he includes a protocol for treatment in his popular book Flood Your Body with Oxygen. When determining how much ozone to use, McCabe writes:

"I have always used the analogy of filling up the gas tank in your car. You pump the gas in and when it’s full, if you keep pumping it in the gas runs down the side of the car. The lungs are the oxygen overflow mechanism for the blood. When the bloodstream is full, the blood out-gasses into the lungs, and the oxygen-ozone sub species ‘run down’ the inside of the lungs, causing rapid lung pollution detoxification, heat, and possible slight temporary edema. All the patient knows is that he or she can’t stop coughing if you do not quickly stop the procedure at the first sign of this." (7) 

Although a number of health practitioners in the United States and Canada claim that this method to be safe and effective, many physicians (especially those trained in Europe and Cuba) consider it dangerous and without clinical advantages over other ozone delivery methods. 

In my own work as a journalist covering the subject of ozone therapy, I’ve come across stories of embolism, including one of a patient going comatose and another patient suffering respiratory arrest after direct IV treatment. Dr. Robert Atkins’ medical license was temporarily revoked after a patient went to the hospital complaining of adverse side effects to direct IV injection, which lead to him to abandon it permanently. 

Dr. Frank Shallenberger, perhaps the most respected ozone practitioner in the United States today, has treated thousands of patients with therapeutic ozone since 1985. After several negative experiences with direct IV early in his practice, he stopped using the method completely in favor of autohemotherapy. In his training manual for physicians who attend his workshops, Dr. Shallenberger offered seven reasons why direct IV injection should not be used:

 

[V12man]

 

If not, then what? Can an athlete be sanctioned for an inadequate explanation on its own,  

My understanding is that they can be sanctioned when the biologicals fall outside the standards that exist if it is not adequately explained/justified.

 

But not presenting any arguement seems shortsighted, although given JCZA's clips from USADA (assunming they apply in SA) seems the code was violated ITO blood doping - although they seem to have found him guilty of the bp anomalies, not the blood doping infraction - perhaps more charges still to come?

[jimmycool]

http://goodmorningfloridakeys.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/smells-fishy.jpg

[jimmycool]

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/seriouslyscience/files/2015/07/647413.jpg

[Skinnyone]

Right....I apologise to all you here on hubland before I even begin....

But now this post has triggered another one of my pet hates....something I see punishable by law and as criminal as getting your 15 year old to dope...

Secondhand smoke.....     now if someone properly wants to koer my moer they just have to light up around their kid or any kid....smoke in the car...the house....or drag their kid in to an establishment where they want to go and sit and vreet and suip in the smoking area with their child in tow....    

Vurk my man.....nou is ek sommer goed moerig....sorry for the detour folks....

I hear what you are saying, but I grew up with both parents smoking around me and my sister, and I don't think we have any long term issues. Neither of us smoke now...why? because we made the choice not to...Yes we both tried it and didn't like it so we stopped...

 

My father stopped smoking when he had a bad dose of pneumonia and my mom still goes...not to the benefit of her health but that's her choice, she smokes around my kids and they are not sickly - at the age of 7 and 8 they have already made the choice not to smoke as they have seen what it has done to granny...

[ChunkyMonkey]

Evans is informed of irregularities and invited to explain them. He turns down the chance.

 

Hypothetically, I wonder how it would work if he had given an explanation?

 

If the explanation is accepted, no charges, right?

 

If not, then what? Can an athlete be sanctioned for an inadequate explanation on its own, or would targeted testing of samples already taken then be carried out to determine guilt or innocence of doping?

 

Or was SAIDS asking a question it already knew the answer to considering it turned down his TUE?

 

If an anti doping regulator charges an athlete for a doping violation, and immediately the athlete accepts the charges(purely based on the fact that he is already retired in his mind, and thus no longer affected by the sentence) or perhaps because he has been waiting for the truth to catch up ...

If the athlete decides to ignore the fact that a TUE was not given and takes it upon himself to risk " his life/ livelihood" then so be it..

If he gets busted..

He asked for it!!

He deserves it....

Makes one wonder, if there ever was any real talent...?

[NelAndre]

I find it interesting that rules are actually needed to ensure fair competition. I believe there-in lies the problem.

[Tumbleweed]

My understanding is that they can be sanctioned when the biologicals fall outside the standards that exist if it is not adequately explained/justified.

 

But not presenting any arguement seems shortsighted, although given JCZA's clips from USADA (assunming they apply in SA) seems the code was violated ITO blood doping - although they seem to have found him guilty of the bp anomalies, not the blood doping infraction - perhaps more charges still to come?

 

I doubt any other charges are necessary. They have nailed him to a four-year ban. Where could going any further get them? Pursuing it any further would yield results as Evans has already indicated a lack of interest in fighting it, and could most probably see SAIDS facing a suit for a kinda vexatious prosecution.

 

SAIDS with a limited budget have been known to cut corners or make compromises to get results they can brag about - and that they need to do as a public profile could net them a bigger budget.

 

Reading between the lines of Evans's statement, I get the feeling a compromise was agreed to, and this may have been reneged on later by SAIDS.

 

As you also mentioned, SAIDS' vagueness isn't too helpful here.

[Barend de Arend]

And if he moans that he raced for a living, I think that his sponsors and the public would have seen much value in him if he had engaged with WADA / SAIDS and come out publicly at the time and said he had received treatments for a life threatening condition, and was therefore not racing until his ABP values were in order to the satisfaction of authorities, to promote doping awareness and clean cycling.

 

If you want to race for a living, train for a living...

[Barend de Arend]

• Intravenous laser therapy, such as ozone and/or ultraviolet light therapies which includes the removal, treatment, and manipulation of blood or blood components are prohibited.

 

It used to be legal until a few years ago.  Kittel got bust for uv treatment, but it turned out it was legal when he used it (2008.)  It got added on 2011.